How To Use Our Enterprise SaaS Financial Model (+ Free Preview)

Disclaimer: this article is for anyone who downloads our Enterprise SaaS financial model template and need a step-by-step guide on how to use it. We remind you that our template also comes with a 1 hour onboarding video as well.

Enterprise SaaS financial model

Download an expert-built 5-year Excel financial model for your pitch deck

Enterprise SaaS financial model

Download an expert-built 5-year Excel financial model for your pitch deck

Before we dive in the step-by-step guide, note that we are using for the purpose of this article the Google Sheets version. You can of course download the template use it with Excel instead. Let’s dive in!

Step 1: Settings

Model settings table
Step 1: Model Settings

The first thing we need to do is to enter a few details in the Settings tab. They are:

  • Company name: the name of your business / project
  • Start date: the first month the model will forecast from. Note that the first month should be in the future, and it isn’t necessarily the following month. For instance, assuming we are today in July 2021, and you are raising capital which you expect to last 2 months, the start date can very well be September 2021 or even later.
  • Fiscal year end: by definition, this is the date that defines the end of a 12-month period for accounting purposes. In our templates, this date is important as it will serve to calculate the annual summaries of your P&L, balance sheet and cash flow statement. Note that most businesses have 31st December as fiscal year end. When in doubt, ask your accountant.

Note: the year in the fiscal year end is not relevant. For instance, if your fiscal year ends on December 31st, 31/12/2021 and 31/12/2022 are exactly the same thing.

  • Currency: the main currency of your business and in which you want to present your financials. Note that the currency does not impact any calculation: it is simply used as a legend throughout the model.

Note: if your business operates in different currencies, use the same currency throughout for your model. For instance, assuming you sell your products in USD but have some staff paid in EUR and your reporting currency is USD. In this case, the expenses (the salaries of the staff in EUR) should be converted in their USD equivalent when you enter your hiring plan (more on that below)

  • Corporate tax rate: this is the tax rate you pay in your jurisdiction. If you aren’t sure which is yours, refer to KPMG’s exhaustive updated list here.

Step 2: Revenue

In the same Settings tab, we will now enter key assumptions affecting your revenue. They are, in order:

2.1 Pricing Model

Setting the pricing model
Setting the pricing model

The first step in modelling revenue is for you to choose the type of pricing model, it can either be:

  • Per Account: the price of your subscription plan(s) is a function of the number of Accounts.
  • Per Seat: the price of your subscription plan(s) is a function of the number of Seats.

In the template, one Account is the first level of customer: a company for instance. The Seat in comparison, is one of the sub-entity of an Account: an employee using your SaaS product.

Account vs. Seat

This is very important to set the pricing model right as revenue will be calculated either as a function of the number of Seats, or the number of Accounts.

2.2 Accounts vs. Seats

Accounts vs. Seats
Accounts vs. Seats

Note: this section is only mandatory for those who have selected a pricing model per Seat.

If you have chosen as pricing model a pricing per Seat (and not per Account), we will need to enter here the number of Seats there are per Account, in average.

Naturally, you can change the number of Seats there are per Account over time. For example, if you expect to target bigger customers in the future, you can change Accounts’ size (as in, the number of Seats they have in average) here.

2.3 Subscription tiers

Subscription tiers
Subscription tiers
  • The name of your subscription tiers: the model allows you to have up to 4 subscriptions (including a free plan if you need to). The names you enter will flow through the Revenue and Operating Model sheets of the template
  • Pricing: enter the monthly and annual fee of your subscriptions. If your plan does not include one or the other, simply enter zero. Annual subscriptions typically are discounted vs. monthly billings, so the template gives you this ability.

Note: the annual fee is per year. In the example above, the price of the “Paid” plan is $19.9 per month (so $238.8 per year), or $190 per year if billed yearly.

  • Start date: this is the date from which the subscription is launched. For instance, you might not launch all subscriptions at the same time, instead you might launch some later in the future. In the example above, all subscriptions are launched in March 2021.

Note: start date cannot be prior the model Start date.

2.4 New Accounts distribution

New accounts distribution
New accounts distribution

This is where we decide, for each new Account you acquired, which plan it falls into.

Note: This is only valid for new Accounts (the leads who converted and became customers). Indeed, existing Accounts will have the ability to move between the subscription tiers via upsell and downsell (more on that below).

For each of the subscription tiers, you will need to enter:

  • The breakdown of new Accounts per tier: in our example, if you convert 100 new Accounts in a month, 70 will choose “Free”, 20% “Paid”, 5% “Premium” and the remaining 5% the “Corporate” plan.

Notes:

  1. The sum of all percentages need to be 100%
  2. If you have less than 4 tiers (for instance 2) enter 0% for the relevant tiers.
  3. The breakdown of new Accounts is calculated in the Revenue tab. Because the Accounts are rounded, if the number of new Accounts is too low the percentage might round up or down the value. For instance, assuming you convert 10 new Accounts in a month, because we can’t have 0.5 Account choosing Premium and Corporate respectively, the model will round Premium to 1 and Corporate to 0
  4. If you entered different start dates in the Subscription Tiers section, the breakdown will take it into account. Let’s assume you have 2 tiers and you launch the 2nd six month after the 1st, and you enter 50/50% for the new Accounts breakdown. The model will attribute 100% of new Accounts to plan 1 for the first 6 months, and 50/50% from month 7 onwards.
  • The breakdown of new Accounts per billing cycle: choose which percentage, for each tier, of new Account who choose to pay annual vs. monthly.

2.5 Upsell and downsell

upsell and downsell table
Upsell and downsell

By upsell and downsell, we allow customer movements between the different tiers after they have converted as customers for the first time.

Note: if you selected pricing per Account, the movements between the different tiers will be Accounts. Instead, if you chose pricing per Seat, the movements will be Seats. For instance, assuming you price per Account, the number of customers upselling from one plan to another will be a number of Accounts (and not Seats), and vice versa. Therefore, whenever we refer to “users” below, we either refer to Accounts or Seats, depending on the type of pricing model you have chosen.

For each plan, you will need to enter a percentage. This is the percentage of a plan’s total users that move to the nearest plan (either up for upsell, or down for downsell). For instance, in our example above, every month, you expect 2% of the “Free” plan to move (or “upsell”) to the “Paid” plan.

Downsell is simply the inverse of upsell.

Note: remember these values are monthly. Therefore, if you enter 20% it means that every month, 20% of a given tier will upsell or downsell to another plan. If you expect, say, a 20% upsell rate from plan A to B, simply use 20%/12 for the monthly upsell equivalent.

2.6 Churn

churn assumptions table of the saas financial model
Churn

Here you need to enter the percentage of monthly churn to calculate the number of users, each month, who cancel their plan and leave. Note this is across all subscription tiers.

Note: like upsell and downsell rates, churn is a monthly percentage. As such if you expect 20% annual churn, enter 20%/12 for the monthly churn instead.

Step 3: Acquisition

In the same Settings tab, we will now enter key assumptions affecting your acquisition. This is where we forecast the number of new Accounts you acquire over time.

Note: whether you have selected a pricing per Account or per Seat, the number of customers you acquire is a number of Accounts by default.

3.1. Choose your acquisition model

switch to choose from acquisition model
Choose whether your acquisition is outbound or inbound

The template allows you to choose from 2 types of acquisition depending on your business model:

  • Outbound acquisition: the number of new Accounts is a function of the number of sales representatives. In other words, you generate growth from your sales team
  • Inbound acquisition: new customers are a function of the number of visitors who land on your website. The visitors are either from paid (paid ads) or organic sources

Note: if you acquire Accounts through B2B sales reps but also generates traffic on your landing page (the leads at the top of the funnel are from inbound acquisition but your sales people convert them down to Accounts via inbound acquisition), select Inbound acquisition. Indeed, whilst the number of customers will be a function of the number of sales reps you have, you will still be able to factor in paid marketing expenses and forecast the number of paid and organic visitors separately (see below)

3.2. Outbound (Sales Reps)

Outbound (Sales Reps) assumptions table
3.2. Outbound (Sales Reps)

If you choose “Outbound” as acquisition strategy earlier, you will need to enter here the efficiency of your sales reps over time. Because not sales typically aren’t fully operational day 1, but improve their performance over time, the template gives you this flexibility. This is very common for B2B and more Enterprise SaaS businesses to forecast growth in such a way.

  • Closing per Sales Rep per month: enter the number of Accounts one Sales representative close, in average, depending on her/his seniority. For instance, in our example one Sales representative close in average her/his first Account 4 months after joining the company. It’s only after 10 months post hire that they are fully operational and close 3 customers per month

Note: whilst we enter the efficiency of your sales team here, it is in the Hiring plan where you will enter the number of sales representatives you hire over time (more on that later)

3.3. Paid traffic

Paid traffic assumption table
3.3. Paid traffic

Whether you are generating growth (i.e. customers) via inbound or outbound acquisition, you need to enter some assumptions behind your paid acquisition (if any). Paid traffic is by definition the number of visitors who land on your website via paid ads (Google Ads, social media, etc.).

It is all the more important if your acquisition is inbound because the number of Accounts you “acquire” simply is:

Number of new Accounts = Number of visitors x conversion rate

Whilst we will set your conversion rate later on, it is paramount to estimate correctly the number of paid visitors. The simple formula is:

Number of paid visitors = Paid marketing budget / average cost-per-click

Calculating paid marketing budget

Therefore we need to set 3 assumptions here:

  • The average cost-per-click of all your campaigns. If you are running search and social media ads for instance, enter the average CPC. For more information about cost-per-click benchmarks per industry, have a look at our article here.
  • The first month of your marketing budget spending. By default, the first month is the date of the launch of your first subscription. The amount is the monthly budget you expect to spend in that month.

Example: Let’s assume you start your model in September 2021, and expect a 6 month product development during which you will not generate any revenues. You would set the launch of your first subscription in February 2022, and from this date onwards you would start to spend money in paid marketing to acquire paid traffic.

  • The monthly growth of your marketing budget. This is a tricky one: you marketing budget will change over time (likely it will increase) from the first month you just set. As such, you will spend more in the future, and we need to estimate the amount of monthly marketing budget you will spend over time. This monthly marketing budget is calculated using a monthly percentage growth. Yet, because the monthly budgets will increase over time, the percentages themselves will decrease. In other words, you are still increasing your marketing budget over time, yet the positive percentage growth decreases. See below an illustration to make it clearer.

Note: the percentages are set at the beginning of each year. In our example above, monthly growth starts at 20% in the beginning of the first year, and decreases progressively down to 10% at the beginning of year 2, and so on.

Forecasting paid marketing budget
Forecasting paid marketing budget

3.4. Organic traffic

Organic traffic assumption table
3.4. Organic traffic assumption table

Organic traffic is the number of visitors you generate organically (unlike paid traffic for which you pay per click, or impressions). It works in a similar fashion as paid traffic. The only difference is that we do not have to set a cost-per-click. Therefore the assumptions to set are:

  • First month organic traffic. The number of visitors you expect to generate in the first month (again, the date of the launch of your first subscription) from organic sources
  • Organic traffic monthly growth. The same way marketing budget increases thanks to a percentage growth, organic traffic will do so too. Refer to paid traffic above for a refresher on how this works.

Step 4: Conversions

In the same Settings tab, we will now enter assumptions behind conversions: how to “convert” new leads into Accounts.

conversion table assumptions
Step 4: Conversions

The template allows you to set 3 different steps, but you can also keep it simple. The different conversion rates act as a conversion funnel. By multiplying all of them together, we obtain the 3% conversion rate as shown in the table above (this is the one that matters).

The different steps are standard for a Enterprise SaaS business, they are:

Sign-up rate. The percentage of the total visitors (paid + organic) who sign up to your website newsletter, or product waiting list, or any other form of 1st conversion step

Sales Qualified Leads (as % of signups). SQL are by definition leads who have moved through the sales pipeline (they might have had an first interaction with your sales team for instance) and are susceptible to be converted to customers via your sales team.

Conversion rate (as % of Sales Qualified Leads): the percentage of SQLs who become customers

Conversion rate (as % of traffic). This it the product of all 3 conversion rates above, and as such should be the one that matters.

Note: if your conversion funnel is much simpler (for instance leads convert into customers at a rate of 3% without any steps in between), simply set the first 2 percentages to 100% and the 3rd to 3%.

Step 5: Hiring Plan

The biggest expense category of Enterprise SaaS business often is salaries. It is therefore very important to set up your future roles and their related expenses (salaries, bonuses) correctly.

5.1. Teams

teams table
5.1. Setting teams’ names

The first thing we need to do is to list the different teams you have and group them into up to 5 categories. This will allow us to differentiate salaries into the different teams in your P&L and your metrics later on.

Note: if you selected inbound acquisition under Acquisition (section 3 above) earlier you will need to enter at least a “Sales” team so the template can calculate correctly the number of Sales people that generate customers in the Acquisition sheet.

5.2. Roles

Roles assumption table
5.2. Roles

In the Hiring Plan sheet, you will need to enter all the roles you expect to hire in the future. For each, you will need to enter (as shown in the table above), in order:

  • Role: either the role or the name of the recruit
  • Team: drop-down list to select the name of the team the role falls into (the teams are the ones we set up earlier)
  • Salary: the annual gross salary
  • Starting: the date when you expect to hire the role.

Note: if you already have existing roles before the start of the model, enter the date in the future you recruited the role. For instance, if you are CEO and started to work since January 2021 but the first date you project your financials from is September 2021, enter January 2021 as the starting date for CEO.

  • Taxes: any taxes and benefits you incur on top of salary, expressed as a percentage of gross annual salary
  • Leaving. If you have contractors with fixed term employment contracts for instance, enter the date at which you will not employ that role anymore
  • New salary amount. If you expect to increases salaries in the future of certain roles, enter the new annual gross salary here
  • New salary starting date: the date you start to pay the new salary
  • Bonus %. If you pay bonuses on top of salary to certain roles, enter the corresponding percentage of annual gross salary you pay each year as a cash bonus.
  • Bonus timing. Here you can set whether you pay bonuses every month, quarter or yearly.

Step 6: Expenses

In the Settings sheet you can enter a number of assumptions for the template to calculate automatically the expense amounts in Expenses.

6.1. Payment processing fees

payment processing fees
6.1. Payment processing fees

Enter the percentage of revenues you will pay to your payment processing provider (e.g. Stripe, Paypal, etc.)

6.2. Customer Support

customer support table
6.2. Customer Support

Customer support is an important expense category for most Enterprise SaaS businesses. The template gives you the ability to forecast Customer Support in 2 different ways, either:

  1. Enter the customer support roles one by one in the Hiring Plan as shown above; or
  2. Forecast customer support salaries as a function of the number of users you have

We are covering here the 2nd approach. Customer support salaries will be calculated by taking into account 3 different assumptions which you will need to set:

  • Percentage of customers requiring customer support per month. Let’s assume you have 1,000 active customers in a month, not all might contact your customer support service. For instance, if a customer calls your CS say, every 2 months, enter 50% (indeed, 50% of all active customers contact CS every month, ie every 2 months)
  • Number of tickets processed by a customer support agent per hour. Here we set the “efficiency” of your customer support team. If you are a Enterprise SaaS business, the tickets may take more time to be processed (hence an agent might only process a handful per hour).
  • Hourly cost of a customer support agent. This is the total hourly cost you pay your customer support agents (including taxes and benefits, if any)

Note: If customer support is outsourced to a 3rd party instead (to Teleperformance for instance), simply enter here the hourly cost you pay per customer agent.

6.3. Hosting

hosting cost per user
6.3. Hosting

Enter here the amount you spend per month per user in hosting, tech infrastructure, etc. If unsure, ask you your CTO.

6.4. Team expenses

team expenses table
6.4. Team expenses

For each team, you have the ability to set a spending per role, it includes:

  • Onboarding costs: any one-off you incur when you hire a role (computer, desk, etc.)
  • Ongoing costs: any recurring expenses you incur per month per role (subscription, meal allowances, etc.)
  • Travel: the travel allowance per role per month. Management and sales team may travel more than the engineering team for instance, so you can differentiate them here.

6.5. Other expenses

other expenses table
6.5. Other expenses

Enter here any other recurring expenses you haven’t included yet. For each expense there are 4 assumptions to set:

  • Expense: the name of the expense
  • Start date: the date from which you start to incur such expense
  • First monthly expense: the amount of the first month
  • Increase (per year): the percentage increase (per year) at which the expense grows over time (if it does)

Note: if the expense stays flat over time, leave percentage increase to zero instead.

Step 7: Balance sheet

balance sheet table
Step 7: Balance sheet
  • Cash starting balance: the amount of cash you already have in the bank before the start of the model

Note: do not include the fundraising round (see below) you expect to raise here. It will be added automatically to your cash balance.

  • Losses carry-forward starting balance. If you have any tax credit from your state, enter the amount here. For a refresher on what losses carry-forward, see Investopedia’s definition here.
  • D&A lifetime amortisation. Any capex you will spend in the future (see below) will be depreciated over time. This is where you select the depreciation schedule. If in doubt, ask your accountant.

Step 8: Capex

capex table
Step 8: Capex

If you expect to spend any capital expenditure in the future (building, equipment, etc.) or simply capitalise part of your expenses, enter the amount under “Other capex” in the Capex & D&A sheet.

Note: by default the Enterprise SaaS financial model template already includes onboarding costs (see team expenses) within capex. Indeed, onboarding costs such as computers and desks are assets and need to be included within capex and depreciated over time.

Step 9: Fundraising

fundraising table
Step 8: Fundraising

This is where you can set the fundraising rounds you expect in the future. Set here 3 assumptions:

  • Round: name of the round (e.g. Seed, Series A, etc.)
  • Amount: the amount you expect to raise from this round
  • Date: the date of the round
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